Other parks in the region are the Campo dei Fiori and the Cinque Vette Park, both of which are located in the Province of Varese.
There have also been efforts to protect the endangered Italian agile frog. The most important are Stelvio National Park-the largest Italian natural park, with typically alpine wildlife such as red deer, roe deer, ibex, chamois, foxes, ermine and golden eagles and the Ticino Valley Natural Park, which was instituted in 1974 on the Lombard side of the Ticino River to protect one of the last major examples of fluvial forest in northern Italy. Shrubs such as rhododendron, dwarf pine and juniper are native to the summit zone beyond 2,200 m (7,200 ft). At and below about 1,100 m (3,600 ft), oaks or broadleaf trees grow on the mountain slopes between 2,000 and 2,100 m (6,600 and 6,900 ft), beech trees grow at the lowest limits with conifer woods higher up. The highlands are characterised by the typical vegetation of the Italian Alps. Numerous species of endemic flora in the Prealpine area include some species of saxifrage, Lombardy garlic, groundsel and bellflowers. In the area of the foothills lakes, however, olive, cypresses and larches grow, as do varieties of subtropical flora such as magnolia, azalea and acacias. The most common trees are elm, alder, sycamore, poplar, willow and hornbeam. The plains have been intensively cultivated for centuries, and little of the original environment remains. Inconsistent with the three distinctions above is the small sub-region of Oltrepò Pavese, which is formed by the Apennine foothills beyond the Po River. The plains of Lombardy, which are formed by alluvial deposits, can be divided into the Alta-an upper, permeable ground zone in the north-and the Bassa, a lower zone dotted by the line of fontanili, spring waters rising from impermeable ground. It is followed by the Alpine foothills zone Prealpi, the main peaks of which are the Grigna Group (2,410 m (7,910 ft)), Resegone 1,875 m (6,152 ft), and Presolana (2,521 m (8,271 ft)). The most important mountainous area is the Alpine zone, which includes the Lepontine and Rhaetian Alps- Piz Bernina (4,020 m (13,190 ft)), the Bergamo Alps, the Ortler Alps and the Adamello massif. The orography of Lombardy is characterised by three distinct belts a northern mountainous belt constituted by the Alpine relief, a central piedmont area of mostly alluvial pebbly soils, and the Lombard section of the Padan Plain in the south of the region. Pizzo Coca is the highest peak in the Bergamasque Alps (3,050 m (10,010 ft)) The term was also used until around 965 in the form Λογγοβαρδία ( Longobardia) as the name for the territory roughly covering modern Apulia, which the Byzantines had recovered from the Lombard rump state Duchy of Benevento. As such, "Lombardy" and "Italy" were almost interchangeable by the mid-8th century, the Lombards ruled everywhere except the Papal possessions around Rome-roughly modern Lazio and northern Umbria- Venice and some Byzantine possessions in the south-southern Apulia and Calabria some coastal settlements including Amalfi, Gaeta, Naples and Sorrento Sicily and Sardinia their culture is foundational to Italy in the Middle Ages. During the Early Middle Ages, "Lombardy" referred to the Kingdom of the Lombards ( Latin: Regnum Langobardorum), which was ruled by the Germanic Lombard raiders who had controlled most of early Christian Italy since their invasion of Byzantine Italy in CE 568 until the fall of Pavia on the Ticino river, in CE 774 by the Frankish Charlemagne on Pope's behalf.
The name of the region derives from the name of the people of the Lombards who arrived in Italy in 568 and made Pavia their capital. Virgil, Pliny the Elder, Ambrose, Gerolamo Cardano, Caravaggio, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Stradivari, Cesare Beccaria, Alessandro Volta and Alessandro Manzoni and popes John XXIII and Paul VI originated in the area of modern-day Lombardy region. Of the fifty-eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Italy, eleven are in Lombardy. The Lombardy region is located between the Alps mountain range and tributaries of the Po river, and includes Milan, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and among the largest in the European Union (EU). Over a fifth of the Italian gross domestic product (GDP) is produced in the region. Lombardy ( Italian: Lombardia Lombard: Lombardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers 23,844 km 2 (9,206 sq mi) it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Italian: lombardo (man), lombarda (woman)
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